Question

question 1 - 4
in order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?
o in transcription, the genetic code of a dna molecule is encoded. translation is the process of converting the dna code into a code that rna can use.
o in transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a dna molecule. translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an rna molecule.
o in transcription, a double helix dna molecule is split into two separate single strands. translation is the process of joining each single dna strand with a single strand
, of matching rna.
o in transcription, the genetic code of a dna molecule is transferred to a messenger rna molecule. translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the
encoded messenger rna.

Explanation:

• Transcription: It is the process where the DNA's genetic information (code) is copied into mRNA. This matches the description of transferring the DNA's genetic code to mRNA.
• Translation: It is the process where the mRNA (which has the encoded information from DNA) is used to synthesize a chain of amino acids (a protein). The other options have incorrect descriptions:
• The first incorrect option confuses the processes (translation is not about converting DNA code to RNA - that's transcription, and translation doesn't involve encoding amino acid chains in DNA).
• The second incorrect option describes DNA replication (splitting DNA and joining with matching RNA is not translation; translation is about amino acid synthesis from mRNA).
• The third incorrect option's description of translation (joining DNA strands with RNA strands) is wrong as translation is about amino acid chain synthesis from mRNA.

Answer:

The correct option is: "In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA."