Question

question 26 (1 point)
what type of immunity results from vaccination?
○ artificially acquired passive immunity
○ artificially acquired active immunity
○ naturally acquired passive immunity
○ innate immunity
question 27 (1 point)
each of the following is an effect of compliment activation except
○ bacterial cell lysis
○ opsonization
○ interference with viral replication
○ increased phagocytic activity

Explanation:

Question 26 (1 point)

To determine the type of immunity from vaccination:

• Artificially acquired passive immunity: Involves receiving pre - formed antibodies (e.g., immunoglobulin therapy), not from vaccination.
• Artificially acquired active immunity: Vaccination introduces a vaccine (weakened or inactivated pathogen/antigen), triggering the body’s immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells. This is artificial (human - made process) and active (body’s own immune response).
• Naturally acquired passive immunity: Occurs naturally, like antibodies from mother to child (breast milk, placenta), not from vaccination.
• Innate immunity: Non - specific, present at birth (e.g., skin, stomach acid), not acquired via vaccination.

So vaccination leads to artificially acquired active immunity.

To identify the non - effect of complement activation:

• Bacterial cell lysis: Complement can form membrane attack complexes (MAC) to lyse bacterial cells.
• Opsonization: Complement proteins (e.g., C3b) coat pathogens, enhancing phagocytosis (opsonization).
• Interference with viral replication: Interferons (not complement) are mainly responsible for interfering with viral replication. Complement targets extracellular pathogens (like bacteria) more directly.
• Increased phagocytic activity: Complement activation attracts phagocytes (chemotaxis) and opsonizes pathogens, increasing phagocytic activity.

Thus, interference with viral replication is not an effect of complement activation.

Answer:

B. Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 27 (1 point)