Question

question: 19
a student is studying cell structures and organelles. he wants to create an explanation of how the various organelles interact to meet the cell’s need for proteins while preventing too many proteins from collecting inside the cell. which of the following would be the best explanation for the student to use?

a. the ribosomes that cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum manufacture proteins. these proteins are sent to lysosomes where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by the golgi apparatus.

b. the surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum manufactures proteins. these proteins are sent to the golgi apparatus where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

c. the ribosomes that cover the golgi apparatus manufacture proteins. these proteins are sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

d. the ribosomes that cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum manufacture proteins. these proteins are sent to the golgi apparatus where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option based on cell organelle functions:

• Option A: Lysosomes don't modify/sort proteins (that's Golgi), and Golgi doesn't break down unneeded proteins (lysosomes do). Incorrect.
• Option B: Smooth ER doesn't make proteins (ribosomes on rough ER do). Incorrect.
• Option C: Ribosomes are on rough ER (not Golgi), and smooth ER doesn't modify/sort proteins. Incorrect.
• Option D: Ribosomes on rough ER make proteins. Proteins go to Golgi for modification/sorting. Lysosomes break down unneeded proteins. This matches organelle functions.

Answer:

D. The ribosomes that cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum manufacture proteins. These proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. Proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.