Question

put the following steps of germination and seedling development in the order that they occur, beginning at the top with the rupture of the seed coat.

1 instructions

absorption of water by the seed ruptures the seed coat.

cells differentiate as the shoot elongates and the root grows downward.

the shoot produces leaves, and the roots anchor the seedling in the soil.

root emerges.

photosynthesis becomes the primary energy source.

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Explanation:

1. Absorption of water by the seed ruptures the seed coat: This is the initial step as water uptake is crucial for seed germination, softening the seed coat.
2. Root emerges: After seed coat rupture, the root (radicle) is the first structure to emerge, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and nutrients.
3. Cells differentiate as the shoot elongates and the root grows downward: As the root has emerged, cell differentiation occurs to form the shoot (plumule) which elongates upwards and the root which grows further into the soil.
4. The shoot produces leaves, and the roots anchor the seedling in the soil: Once the shoot has elongated (due to cell differentiation), it produces leaves (for photosynthesis later) and the roots fully anchor the seedling.
5. Photosynthesis becomes the primary energy source: After the seedling has leaves (from the shoot), it can perform photosynthesis, which then becomes the main energy - providing process (earlier energy was from seed reserves).

Answer:

1. Absorption of water by the seed ruptures the seed coat
2. Root emerges
3. Cells differentiate as the shoot elongates and the root grows downward
4. The shoot produces leaves, and the roots anchor the seedling in the soil
5. Photosynthesis becomes the primary energy source