Question

the process of sensation begins in a ______.
○ sensory receptor cell
○ signal transducer cell
○ secondary sensory neuron.
○ effector cell
59 multiple choice 1 point
this is the loose, middle layer of the meninges.
○ dura mater
○ arachnoid mater
○ pia mater
○ epidural mater
60 multiple choice 1 point
how many lumbar spinal nerves are there?
○ 7
○ 12
○ 5
○ 8

Explanation:

Question 1 (The process of sensation begins in a ______):

Sensation starts when sensory receptor cells detect stimuli (like light, sound, touch). Signal transducer cells are part of transduction but not the start. Secondary sensory neurons process after receptors. Effector cells act in responses, not sensation start. So the correct option is sensory receptor cell.

Meninges have three layers: dura mater (outer, tough), arachnoid mater (middle, loose, web - like), pia mater (inner, tight to brain/spinal cord), and epidural mater is not a main meningeal layer. So the middle loose layer is arachnoid mater.

The lumbar region of the spinal cord has 5 lumbar vertebrae, and each gives rise to a pair of lumbar spinal nerves, so there are 5 pairs? Wait, no, the number of lumbar spinal nerves is 5 (each lumbar segment (L1 - L5) has a spinal nerve). Wait, actually, there are 5 lumbar spinal nerves (L1 - L5). So the correct option is 5.

Answer:

A. sensory receptor cell (assuming the first option is A, but since options are listed as:

• sensory receptor cell
• signal transducer cell
• secondary sensory neuron
• effector cell, the answer is "sensory receptor cell" (the first option))

Question 59 (This is the loose, middle layer of the meninges):