Question

if penny (p, white) is recessive and quarter (q, purple) is dominant, which of the following will not be an outcome? all heterozygotes all purple flowers all purple purebreds all purple hybrids

Explanation:

• all heterozygotes: If one parent is \(QQ\) (pure - bred purple) and the other is \(pp\) (pure - bred white), all offspring will be \(Qp\) (heterozygous).
• all purple flowers: Since \(Q\) is dominant, any genotype with at least one \(Q\) (e.g., \(QQ\) or \(Qp\)) will result in purple flowers. If we cross \(QQ\times QQ\), all offspring are \(QQ\) (purple); if we cross \(QQ\times Qp\), all offspring will have at least one \(Q\) (purple).
• all purple hybrids (\(Qp\)): As mentioned above, when \(QQ\times pp\), all offspring are \(Qp\) (purple hybrids).
• all purple pure - breds (\(QQ\)): For all offspring to be \(QQ\), both parents must contribute only \(Q\) alleles. But if there is any cross that can introduce a \(p\) allele (e.g., \(Qp\times Qp\) can produce \(QQ\), \(Qp\), and \(pp\); \(QQ\times pp\) produces \(Qp\) only), we cannot guarantee that all offspring will be \(QQ\) in a general sense. In a simple cross - scenario where we consider non - selfing of a single type of non - \(QQ\) parent, we can't get all \(QQ\) offspring.

Answer:

all purple purebreds