Question

osmosis is a special kind of diffusion
osmosis is the process where water moves across the membrane toward the area with the highest solute
concentration. a solute is a compound, like salt or sugar, that is dissolved in water. hypertonic solutions have more
solute in them, which causes water to move toward that area. cells placed in hypertonic solutions will lose water and
shrink.
solutions that have less solute molecules than the cell are called hypotonic. in this case, water from outside the cell will
move into the cell. the cell will gain water, expand, and could even burst. to summarize, the side with more solute is
said to be hypertonic, and the side with less is said to be hypotonic.
color the water molecules blue □, the solute molecules purple □ and the phospholipids red □.
water will move toward the area with the highest solute concentration.
1 what type of transport does not require energy?
provide an example of one process that is a type of passive transport?

1. what are the two main components of the cell membrane?
2. how does oxygen cross into the cell?

how does glucose cross into the cell?

1. what is the purpose of a channel protein?
2. what are the two parts of a phospholipid:
3. define diffusion.
4. define osmosis:
5. what is a solute?
6. hypertonic solutions have more / less solute. hypotonic solutions have more / less solute. (circle)

one the image above, which side is hypertonic? left side | right side

1. what will happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Explanation:

1. Passive transport does not require energy. Osmosis is an example of passive transport as it is the movement of water across a membrane without energy input (based on the text provided about osmosis).
2. The cell membrane's main components are phospholipids (as colored in the diagram red, which are a key part) and proteins (channel proteins etc. which help in transport as per the concept of cell membrane structure).
3. Oxygen is small and non - polar, so it crosses the cell membrane by simple diffusion (moves from high to low concentration without help). Glucose is larger, and in many cases, it crosses with the help of transport proteins (facilitated diffusion if moving down the concentration gradient).
4. Channel proteins provide a pathway for specific substances (like ions or polar molecules) to cross the cell membrane, facilitating their movement.
5. A phospholipid has a hydrophilic (water - loving) head (which interacts with water) and hydrophobic (water - fearing) tails (which avoid water and are in the interior of the membrane).
6. Diffusion is the movement of molecules (solute or other) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
7. Osmosis is specifically the movement of water molecules across a semi - permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration).
8. A solute is a substance (like salt, sugar) that is dissolved in a solvent (usually water in biological contexts).
9. As per the text, hypertonic solutions have more solute. Hypotonic solutions have less solute. Looking at the diagram, the right side has more solute molecules (purple hexagons), so the right side is hypertonic.
10. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell (by osmosis) because water moves towards the higher solute concentration (outside the cell in this case), so the cell loses water and shrinks.

Answer:

1. Passive transport; Osmosis
2. Phospholipids and proteins
3. Oxygen: Simple diffusion; Glucose: Facilitated diffusion (if down concentration gradient)
4. To provide a pathway for specific substances to cross the cell membrane
5. Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
6. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
7. The movement of water molecules across a semi - permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
8. A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
9. Hypertonic solutions have more solute; Hypotonic solutions have less solute; Right side
10. The cell will lose water and shrink