Question

organisms can use biomolecules other than glucose for cellular respiration. for example, lipids can be broken down into glycerol. glycerol eventually enters the glycolysis pathway.
which steps of cellular respiration would still happen if starting only with glycerol from lipids? select all that apply.
glycolysis
pyruvate processing
atp synthase
the electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
which molecules would still be formed during cellular respiration if starting only with glycerol from lipids? select all that apply.
nadh
co₂
acetyl-coa
atp
pyruvate

Explanation:

• Glycerol enters glycolysis. Glycolysis produces pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. Pyruvate is processed to acetyl - CoA. Acetyl - CoA enters the citric acid cycle, which produces NADH and CO₂. NADH and FADH₂ from glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle enter the electron transport chain. ATP synthase is involved in oxidative phosphorylation (using the electron transport chain).
• If starting with glycerol (which enters glycolysis):
• Glycolysis occurs as normal (producing pyruvate, ATP, NADH).
• Pyruvate processing (pyruvate to acetyl - CoA) occurs.
• The citric acid cycle (using acetyl - CoA) occurs (producing NADH, CO₂).
• The electron transport chain (using NADH from previous steps) occurs.
• ATP synthase (in oxidative phosphorylation, using the electron transport chain) is involved.
• Molecules formed: NADH (from glycolysis, pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle), CO₂ (citric acid cycle), acetyl - CoA (pyruvate processing), ATP (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation), pyruvate (glycolysis).

Answer:

For the steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate processing, ATP synthase, the electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle.
For the molecules formed: NADH, CO₂, acetyl - CoA, ATP, pyruvate.