Question

one review found that those who had attempted suicide were at a 38 times greater risk for dying by suicide than those who had not attempted suicide, and those who had abused alcohol were at a 6 times greater risk for dying by suicide than those who had not abused alcohol. other reviews found that those with mood disorders and those with access to lethal means had substantially greater risk for suicide than those who did not have mood disorders and who did not have access to lethal means.
—excerpt from “understanding risk and protective factors for suicide,” suicide prevention resource center, 2011
which conclusions about suicide are supported by evidence in the text? check all that apply
☐ mood disorders and substance abuse can be categorized as protective factors.
☐ attempting suicide once increases the likelihood that one will do so again.
☐ people who do not drink alcohol are at a higher risk of suicide than those who do
☐ some mental health disorders increase the risk of suicide.
☐ having access to a suicide method makes one more likely to do so

Explanation:

• For the first option: The text states that mood disorders and substance abuse (like alcohol abuse) increase suicide risk, not act as protective factors. So this option is incorrect.
• For the second option: The text says "those who had attempted suicide were at a 38 times greater risk for dying by suicide than those who had not attempted suicide", which implies attempting suicide once increases the likelihood of doing it again.
• For the third option: The text says "those who had abused alcohol were at a 6 times greater risk for dying by suicide than those who had not abused alcohol", so people who drink alcohol (abuse it) are at higher risk, meaning people who do not drink alcohol are not at a higher risk. This option is incorrect.
• For the fourth option: "those with mood disorders...had substantially greater risk for suicide than those who did not have mood disorders" shows some mental health disorders (like mood disorders) increase suicide risk.
• For the fifth option: "those with...access to lethal means had substantially greater risk for suicide than those who...did not have access to lethal means" indicates having access to a suicide method makes one more likely to do so.

Answer:

B. Attempting suicide once increases the likelihood that one will do so again, D. Some mental health disorders increase the risk of suicide, E. Having access to a suicide method makes one more likely to do so.