Question

name:
unit 1: structure, function, growth, & development
test review
lesson 1.1 - from dna to protein
directions: for #1 - 10, use the word bank to complete each sentence. each word is only used once.
word bank
dna gene protein transcription structure
function translation amino acids nucleotides protein synthesis

1. the instructions for all living things are found in a molecule called
2. dna is made of smaller building blocks called
3. a is a section of dna that codes for one specific protein.
4. the process of making proteins is called
5. proteins are made of smaller building blocks called
6. the step of protein synthesis that uses dna to make rna is called
7. the step of protein synthesis that uses rna to build protein is called
8. different cells in the body make different, which gives them unique structures

and jobs.

1. the of a protein determines its function in the cell.
2. a mutation to dna can result in a protein with a different shape, which may change its
3. the model shows the flow of genetic

information from dna to protein. complete
the model using the following terms:
amino acid mrna trna
lesson 1.2 - cell division & differentiation

1. use the following sequence of words to explain how a multicellular organism is formed.

zygote → mitosis → stem cell → differentiation → specialized cells → organism.

Explanation:

1. DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for all living things.
2. DNA is composed of nucleotides.
3. A gene is a specific section of DNA that codes for a protein.
4. Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins.
5. Proteins are made up of amino acids.
6. Transcription is the process where DNA is used to make RNA.
7. Translation is the process where RNA is used to build protein.
8. Different cells make different proteins, which gives them unique structures and functions.
9. The structure of a protein determines its function.
10. A mutation in DNA can change the shape of a protein, potentially altering its function.
11. The flow of genetic information is DNA sequence → mRNA → tRNA → amino acid → protein. mRNA is synthesized from DNA during transcription. tRNA helps in the translation process by bringing amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
12. A zygote (fertilized egg) undergoes mitosis (cell division) to produce stem cells. Stem cells then differentiate (specialize) into various specialized cells. These specialized cells work together to form an organism.

Answer:

1. DNA
2. nucleotides
3. gene
4. protein synthesis
5. amino acids
6. transcription
7. translation
8. proteins
9. structure
10. function
11. A. mRNA; B. tRNA; C. amino acid
12. A zygote (fertilized egg) divides by mitosis to produce stem cells. Stem cells differentiate into specialized cells. These specialized cells combine to form an organism.