Question

name: athhzetsena date: 12/9/23 period: 1st mid-unit 2 study guide & practice worksheet part 1 — dna → proteins study section a. key terms — define in your own words 1. dna: __________ 2. mrna: ________ 3. trna: ________ 4. ribosome: ________ 5. amino acids: ________ 6. protein: ________ b. protein synthesis ordering practice put these in the correct order (1–4): _ trna matches amino acids to codons _ dna is transcribed to mrna _ amino acid chain folds into protein _ mrna travels to ribosome why does the order matter? __________ practice (cake analogy)

Explanation:

Step1: Recall Protein Synthesis Steps

Protein synthesis starts with transcription (DNA to mRNA), then mRNA moves to ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids matching codons, and finally amino acids form a chain that folds into protein.

Step2: Assign Order

1. DNA is transcribed to mRNA (transcription, first step)
2. mRNA travels to ribosome (after transcription, mRNA moves to ribosome)
3. tRNA matches amino acids to codons (translation at ribosome, tRNA delivers amino acids)
4. Amino acid chain folds into protein (final step, polypeptide folds into functional protein)

So the order is: 3 (tRNA matches...), 1 (DNA is transcribed...), 4 (Amino acid chain...), 2 (mRNA travels...)? Wait, no, let's re - order correctly.

Wait, correct order:

1. DNA is transcribed to mRNA (step 1: transcription)
2. mRNA travels to ribosome (step 2: mRNA transport)
3. tRNA matches amino acids to codons (step 3: translation - tRNA brings amino acids)
4. Amino acid chain folds into protein (step 4: protein folding)

So the blanks should be filled as:

• tRNA matches amino acids to codons: 3
• DNA is transcribed to mRNA: 1
• Amino acid chain folds into protein: 4
• mRNA travels to ribosome: 2

For "Why does the order matter?": The order matters because each step is dependent on the previous. Transcription must occur to make mRNA, which then must reach the ribosome for tRNA to bring amino acids in the correct sequence (based on mRNA codons) to form the correct amino acid chain, which then folds into a functional protein. If the order is wrong, the correct protein won't be synthesized (e.g., if tRNA brings amino acids before mRNA is made, there's no mRNA codons to match, or if mRNA doesn't reach ribosome, translation can't happen).

Answer:

Protein Synthesis Ordering:

• tRNA matches amino acids to codons: 3
• DNA is transcribed to mRNA: 1
• Amino acid chain folds into protein: 4
• mRNA travels to ribosome: 2

Why order matters:

Protein synthesis steps are sequential and interdependent. Transcription (DNA→mRNA) must occur first to provide the genetic code template. mRNA then moves to the ribosome (site of translation). tRNA can only match amino acids to mRNA codons at the ribosome. Finally, the amino acid chain must fold into a specific 3D structure to be a functional protein. Disrupting the order would prevent correct protein formation (e.g., no mRNA means tRNA has no codons to match, or a misfolded chain won't function properly).