Question

multiple choice. choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals result in the perception of

a) upward movement in an elevator.
b) a high pitched sound.
c) head rotation.
d) a loud sound.

1. which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

a) putrid
b) sweet
c) salty
d) sour

1. olfactory receptors, which provide the sense of smell, are

a) proprioceptors.
b) chemoreceptors.
c) thermoreceptors.
d) mechanoreceptors.

1. which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?

a) cornea
b) retina
c) choroid
d) sclera

1. a young man is cleaning his ear by sliding a cotton swab into the external acoustic meatus as far as he can. he is met with some resistance and, thinking the swab has hit earwax, he pushes harder. he feels a sharp, extreme pain. after the initial shock, he notices that all he can hear from that ear is a constant ringing and nothing else. what damage has he most likely done to the ear?

a) he has pushed and torn the tympanic membrane
b) he pushed and damaged the stapes.
c) he has pushed and torn the oval window.
d) he has broken the skin of the external acoustic meatus and the blood is causing the ringing.

1. the range of human hearing is about

a) 2 - 2,000 vibrations per second.
b) 2,000 - 200,000 vibrations per second.
c) 20 - 20,000 vibrations per second.
d) 2,000 - 3,000 vibrations per second.

1. many rod cells share one bipolar cell but cone cells do not. certain cone cells synapse with only one ganglion cell. what are the consequences of this arrangement?

a) rod cells distinguish color better than cone cells.
b) rod cells are better up close, while cone cells are better far away.
c) cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.
d) cone cells are better up close, while rod cells are better far away.
e) rod cells distinguish more detail than cone cells.

1. receptors for the special senses are found

a) in the fingertips.
b) in internal organs.
c) throughout the integumentary system.
d) primarily in the head.

1. compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system

a) may have a longer lasting effect.
b) takes only seconds.
c) does not use receptors.
d) is not essential to life.

1. which of the following are paired correctly?

a) baroreceptors - stimulated by damage to tissues
b) thermoreceptors - stimulated by energy from light
c) nociceptors - stimulated by blood pressure changes
d) proprioceptors - stimulated by tension changes in muscles and tendons

1. extra credit:

the lens of the eye thickens when the
a) ciliary muscles relax.
b) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens.
c) pupillary constrictor contracts.
d) ciliary muscles contract.

Explanation:

1. The semicircular canals are part of the vestibular system which detects head rotation.
2. The primary taste sensations are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Putrid is not a primary taste.
3. Olfactory receptors detect chemical substances, so they are chemoreceptors.
4. The retina is the inner tunic of the eye.
5. Pushing a cotton swab too hard in the ear can tear the tympanic membrane (eardrum), causing ringing (tinnitus).
6. The normal range of human hearing is 20 - 20,000 vibrations per second (Hz).
7. Cone cells, especially those with one - to - one synapses with ganglion cells, can distinguish more detail.
8. Receptors for special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, balance) are primarily in the head.
9. The endocrine system releases hormones that can have a longer - lasting effect compared to the nervous system's rapid electrical impulses.
10. Proprioceptors are stimulated by tension changes in muscles and tendons.
11. When ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments relax, and the lens thickens for near vision.

Answer:

1. C. head rotation.
2. A. Putrid.
3. B. chemoreceptors.
4. B. Retina.
5. A. He has pushed and torn the tympanic membrane.
6. C. 20 - 20,000 vibrations per second.
7. C. Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.
8. D. primarily in the head.
9. A. may have a longer lasting effect.
10. D. Proprioceptors - stimulated by tension changes in muscles and tendons.
11. D. ciliary muscles contract.