Question

3 multiple choice 20 points
influenza vaccines need to be updated regularly because:
people forget to get vaccinated.
vaccines lose effectiveness over time regardless of the virus.
the virus evolves quickly through natural selection.
the virus does not change.
4 multiple choice 20 points
what is biological resistance?
the rapid growth of a population.
the ability of an organism to survive exposure to a harmful substance.
the process of adapting to new environments.
the natural selection of plants only.
5 multiple choice 20 points
which of the following is an example of biological resistance?
fish swimming faster to escape predators.
birds migrating to warmer climates.
bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
plants growing taller in sunlight.

Explanation:

• Question 3:

Influenza viruses have a high mutation rate. Through natural selection, new variants emerge. Vaccines are developed against specific virus strains. When the virus evolves (mutates), the existing vaccine may not be effective against the new strain. People forgetting to get vaccinated is a human - behavior issue not related to vaccine update necessity. Vaccines don't lose effectiveness over time "regardless of the virus" in the context of influenza (they can have waning immunity, but the main driver for annual updates is virus evolution). If the virus didn't change, vaccines would not need such regular updates.

• Question 4:

Biological resistance is defined as the ability of an organism to survive exposure to a harmful substance. Rapid population growth is about population dynamics. Adapting to new environments is a broader concept of adaptation. Biological resistance is not limited to plants.

• Question 5:

Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics is a classic example of biological resistance. Fish swimming faster to escape predators is an evasion mechanism (a form of behavior adaptation). Birds migrating to warmer climates is a seasonal - based migratory behavior. Plants growing taller in sunlight is a growth response to light (phototropism), not resistance to a harmful substance.

Answer:

• Question 3: The virus evolves quickly through natural selection.
• Question 4: The ability of an organism to survive exposure to a harmful substance.
• Question 5: Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.