Question

modeling cell organelles
directions: use the table and the cell diagrams on the previous page to answer the following questions.

1. identify which organelles are found in plant cells and not in animal cells.
2. the vacuole shown in the plant cell is much larger than the one in the animal cell. why?
3. which organelles are directly involved in protein production?
4. which organelles are directly involved in energy production?
5. explain the difference in the function of the cell membrane and cell wall.

Explanation:

1. Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles (in some cases, animal cells have small vacuoles but not the large central one typical of plants) which are not in animal cells.
2. In plant cells, the large vacuole stores water, which helps maintain turgor pressure (keeps the plant cell rigid and the plant upright). Animal cells do not need to maintain such a rigid structure in the same way through a large water - storing vacuole.
3. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface) is also involved in protein production (modification and transport of newly made proteins).
4. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts (in plant cells) produce energy in the form of glucose through photosynthesis.
5. The cell membrane is a semi - permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell (regulates transport, cell signaling etc.). The cell wall (in plant, fungal, and some bacterial cells) provides structural support and protection, and is more rigid than the cell membrane.

Answer:

1. Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole.
2. Plant vacuole stores water for turgor pressure.
3. Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum.
4. Mitochondria, chloroplast (in plant cells).
5. Cell membrane: semi - permeable, controls substance movement. Cell wall: provides structural support and protection.