Question

mendels law of segregation states that
○ specific traits in an organism are inherited independently from other traits of that same organism.
○ all parents have four copies of a specific gene, but each offspring receives a random set of two copies of the specific
gene.
○ the gametes produced by a parent receive one version of gene if they are male gametes, and a different version of
the same gene if they are female gametes.
○ all parents have two alleles of a specific gene, but each gamete produced by an organism receives only one of the
two possible alleles from each parent organism.
○ the gametes produced by an organism will express the traits observed in the grandparent generation, not in the
parent generation.

Explanation:

Mendel's law of segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles of a gene separate from each other. Each gamete (sperm or egg) receives only one allele. For example, if a parent has the genotype \(Aa\) (two alleles of a gene), during meiosis (gamete formation), the \(A\) and \(a\) alleles will segregate. Each gamete will get either \(A\) or \(a\). This is the basis of how genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring. The other options are incorrect:

• "Specific traits in an organism are inherited independently from other traits of that same organism" is Mendel's law of independent assortment, not segregation.
• Parents have two copies (alleles) of a gene (diploid organisms), not four.
• There is no difference in allele received based on gamete being male or female.
• Gametes do not express traits; they carry alleles which can lead to trait expression in the offspring when combined with alleles from the other parent.

Answer:

All parents have two alleles of a specific gene, but each gamete produced by an organism receives only one of the two possible alleles from each parent organism.