Question

1. matching challenge: match each term with its correct description

term

1. ottoman empire
2. enlightenment
3. absolutism
4. three estates
5. reign of terror
6. rise of napoleon
7. nationalism
8. laissez-faire
9. bourgeoisie
10. proletariat

description
a. political system in which a ruler holds total power
b. controlled trade routes across 3 continents
c. intellectual movement emphasizing natural rights and individual freedoms over tradition & monarchy
d. led by robespierre; used the guillotine to eliminate \enemies.\
e. took power in 1799; spread revolutionary ideals across europe
f. pride in ones nation or culture; desire for self - rule.
g. french social class system: 1) nobles, 2) clergy, 3) peasants
h. middle class, business owners
i. working class, factory workers
j. government is hands off from business

Explanation:

Each term is matched to its defining historical description based on core characteristics:

1. Ottoman Empire controlled key trade routes across Europe, Asia, and Africa.
2. Enlightenment was an intellectual movement focused on natural rights and individual freedoms.
3. Absolutism refers to a ruler with total political power.
4. Three Estates was the French pre-revolutionary social class system.
5. Reign of Terror was led by Robespierre with widespread use of the guillotine.
6. Napoleon took power in 1799 and spread revolutionary ideas across Europe.
7. Nationalism emphasizes pride in one’s nation and desire for self-rule.
8. Laissez-faire means minimal government intervention in business.
9. Bourgeoisie refers to the middle class (business owners).
10. Proletariat refers to the working class (factory workers).

Answer:

1. Ottoman Empire - b. Controlled trade routes across 3 continents
2. Enlightenment - c. Intellectual movement emphasizing natural rights and individual freedoms over tradition & monarchy
3. Absolutism - a. Political system in which a ruler holds total power
4. Three Estates - g. French social class system: 1) Nobles, 2) Clergy, 3) Peasants
5. Reign of Terror - d. Led by Robespierre; used the guillotine to eliminate "enemies."
6. Rise of Napoleon - e. Took power in 1799; spread revolutionary ideals across Europe
7. Nationalism - f. Pride in one’s nation or culture; desire for self-rule
8. Laissez-faire - j. Government is hands off from business
9. Bourgeoisie - h. Middle class; Business owners
10. Proletariat - i. Working class; Factory workers