Question

as the lowell factory system progressed into the 1840s,

1. wages rose, while working hours increased to ten hours.
2. female workers staged a successful strike for better living

conditions.

1. the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.
2. a paternalist management system was developed.
3. many mill girls moved into management roles in the factory

system.

wages rose, while working hours increased to ten hours.

female workers staged a successful strike for better living conditions.

the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.

a paternalist management system was developed.

many mill girls moved into management roles in the factory system.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option based on historical knowledge of the Lowell factory system in the 1840s:

1. Wages actually decreased, and working hours were long (not a rise with 10 - hour increase), so this is incorrect.
2. Strikes by female workers were not successful in achieving better living conditions at this time, so this is incorrect.
3. By the 1840s, as the Lowell system evolved, factory owners increasingly relied on immigrant labor (due to changes in the labor pool and economic factors), so this is correct.
4. The paternalist system was more prominent earlier, not developed in the 1840s in this context, so incorrect.
5. Mill girls did not move into management roles; the system was hierarchical with limited upward mobility for them, so incorrect.

Answer:

1. the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.