Question

1. list four things that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common.
2. list two things that make prokaryotes and eukaryotes different.
3. how does the cell membrane contribute to homeostasis within a cell?
4. what is the main function of the ribosomes?

Explanation:

1. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share common features. Both have a cell membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. They also contain genetic material (DNA), which holds the instructions for life processes. Ribosomes are present in both, which are essential for protein synthesis. Additionally, they carry out metabolic processes like obtaining energy.
2. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, while eukaryotes have a membrane - bound nucleus that houses their DNA. Prokaryotes are generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotes, which have more complex organelles.
3. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. It allows necessary substances like nutrients to enter the cell and keeps harmful substances out. It also helps in maintaining the internal environment by regulating the exit of waste products, thus contributing to homeostasis.
4. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They read the genetic code from mRNA (messenger RNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.

Answer:

1. Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, metabolic processes.
2. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus (eukaryotes have one); prokaryotes are simpler/smaller (eukaryotes are more complex/larger).
3. It is selectively permeable, regulates substance entry/exit.
4. Protein synthesis.