Question

isotonic solution, hypertonic solution and hypotonic solu

isotonic: the concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of the solutes inside
the cell. as a result, water will move equally in both directions and the cell remains equal in size
(equilibrium).
hypertonic: the solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than
what is inside the cell. as a result, water will move from inside cell out into the solution and the cell will
shrink in size.
hypotonic: the solution outside of the cell has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher
concentration of water than what is inside the cell. as a result, water moves from the solution into the cell
and the cell swells and bursts open (cytolysis).
what is osmosis?
what is a solution, solute & solvent?
solution:
solute:
solvent:
define the term isotonic solution and give an example:

define the term hypertonic solution and give an example:

define the term hypotonic solution and give an example:

Explanation:

• Solvent: A substance that dissolves the solute. For example, in a salt - water solution, water is the solvent as it dissolves the salt (solute).
• Isotonic solution: As per the text, it is a solution where the concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. An example is \(0.9\%\) saline solution (normal saline). This solution has a solute (salt) concentration similar to that of human blood cells, so when blood cells are placed in it, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, and the cells maintain their shape.
• Hypertonic solution: A solution with a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. An example is a \(10\%\) saline solution. When a cell (e.g., a red blood cell) is placed in this solution, water moves out of the cell (from an area of higher water concentration inside the cell to an area of lower water concentration in the solution) causing the cell to shrink.
• Hypotonic solution: A solution with a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. An example is distilled water. When a cell (e.g., a red blood cell) is placed in distilled water, water moves into the cell (from an area of higher water concentration in the solution to an area of lower water concentration inside the cell) causing the cell to swell and potentially burst (cytolysis).

Answer:

• Solvent: A substance that dissolves the solute.
• Isotonic solution: A solution where the solute concentration in the solution equals that inside the cell. Example: \(0.9\%\) saline solution.
• Hypertonic solution: A solution with higher solute and lower water concentration than inside the cell. Example: \(10\%\) saline solution.
• Hypotonic solution: A solution with lower solute and higher water concentration than inside the cell. Example: Distilled water.