Question

how did upton sinclairs \the jungle\ discuss societal problems?
through realistic novelization
through journalistic reporting
through scholarly essays

Explanation:

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is a work of literature. It uses fictional characters and a narrative (novelization) to depict the harsh realities of the meat - packing industry, immigrant labor, and other societal issues in early 20th - century America. Journalistic reporting would be more fact - based and less narrative - driven, and scholarly essays are a different genre altogether.

Answer:

through realistic novelization