Question

how did physiologists and physicists, like gustav fechner, contribute to the development of psychology as a science?
they demonstrated that the brain was responsible for consciousness.
they studied the relationship between the physical world and mental representation of that world.
they extended darwins theory of evolution to behaviour and cognitive abilities.
they identified the locations of specific functions within the brain.
question 20 (1 point)
which of the following is true about the concept of scientific literacy?
knowledge of scientific terminology is the most important part of scientific literacy.
a person who can understand, analyze, and apply scientific information is demonstrating scientific literacy.
scientific literacy is the ability to answer basic science questions without looking up the answers.
only trained scientists are considered scientifically literate.

Explanation:

• First question: Gustav Fechner and other physiologists/physicists studied the relationship between physical stimuli (from the physical world) and mental sensations (mental representation). This was a key aspect of early psychological research that helped establish psychology as a science. The other options:
• While the brain is related to consciousness, Fechner's work was more about the stimulus - sensation relationship.
• Extending Darwin's theory was more of an evolutionary psychology (later) or functionalist (James) aspect, not Fechner's.
• Identifying brain function locations was more of a Broca/Wernicke (language - specific) or broader phrenology - related (but less scientific) idea in some cases, not Fechner's main contribution.
• Second question: Scientific literacy is about being able to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information. Knowledge of terminology is part of it but not the most important. Answering questions without looking up is a narrow view. And many non - trained people (e.g., educated citizens) can be scientifically literate by understanding and applying scientific info in daily life.

Answer:

• First question: They studied the relationship between the physical world and mental representation of that world.
• Second question: A person who can understand, analyze, and apply scientific information is demonstrating scientific literacy.