Question

how are genes, chromosomes, and proteins related?
a gene contains many chromosomes.
each chromosome encodes a gene.
each chromosome encodes a protein.
a protein on a chromosome encodes a gene.
a gene on a chromosome encodes a protein.

Explanation:

Chromosomes are structures in cells that carry DNA. Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes. Genes contain the instructions (code) to make proteins. So, a gene on a chromosome encodes (provides the information to make) a protein.

• Option “A gene contains many chromosomes” is wrong as chromosomes contain genes.
• Option “Each chromosome encodes a gene” is incorrect; chromosomes have multiple genes.
• Option “Each chromosome encodes a protein” is wrong; genes (on chromosomes) encode proteins.
• Option “A protein on a chromosome encodes a gene” is incorrect; genes (DNA - based) encode proteins (not the other way around).

Answer:

A gene on a chromosome encodes a protein.