Question

how did the concepts of karma and dharma justify social inequality in hindu society?
they taught that everyone should try to change their caste through hard work and devotion.
lower caste hindus were taught that their low status was due to their behavior in a past life.
they emphasized that the gods directly assigned each persons caste at birth.
all of the above are true.
which of the following are differences between hinduism and buddhism?
hinduism promotes the caste system while buddhism rejects it.
buddhists believe in reincarnation while hindus reject it.
hinduism has a founder while buddhism has no known founder.
all of the above are true.

Explanation:

• For the first question:
• Karma is the law of cause and effect. In Hinduism, it was believed that one's actions in past lives (karma) determined their caste in the present life. Dharma is the moral and religious duty. Lower - caste people were taught that their low status was due to their past - life karma (behavior in a past life).
• Option 1 is incorrect because the caste system was rigid and changing caste was not the norm taught by Karma and Dharma. Option 3 is incorrect as it was karma (not direct god assignment) that was emphasized for caste determination.
• For the second question:
• Hinduism promotes the caste system based on concepts like Karma and Dharma. Buddhism, on the other hand, rejects the caste system and believes in the equality of all beings.
• Option 2 is incorrect as both Hindus and Buddhists believe in reincarnation. Option 3 is incorrect as Hinduism has no single founder in the same sense as Buddhism (Buddhism has the Buddha as a central figure, but Hinduism is a complex, ancient religion with no single founder in the traditional sense).

Answer:

• First question: Lower caste Hindus were taught that their low status was due to their behavior in a past life.
• Second question: Hinduism promotes the caste system while Buddhism rejects it.