Question

fill in the blank. the p - value is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that _. a. the alternative hypothesis is false b. the null hypothesis is false c. the alternative hypothesis is true d. the null hypothesis is true

Explanation:

The p - value is calculated under the assumption that the null hypothesis ($H_0$) holds. It represents the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed from the sample data when $H_0$ is true. Options A and C focus on the alternative hypothesis, which is not relevant for the p - value calculation assumption. Option B assumes the null hypothesis is false, but the p - value is calculated under the null hypothesis being true.

Answer:

D. the null hypothesis is true