Question

fill in the blank
the ______ is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true

a. critical value
b. p - value
c. sample proportion
d. level of significance

Explanation:

• Critical value: It is a boundary value that separates the region where we reject the null hypothesis from the region where we do not reject it. It is not related to the probability described in the question.
• P - value: By definition, the p - value is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
• Sample proportion: It is a statistic that estimates the population proportion. It is not a probability in the context of the described hypothesis - testing concept.
• Level of significance: It is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (Type I error probability). It is a pre - set value for hypothesis testing and not the probability described in the question.

Answer:

B. p - value