fermentation
50%
25%
0%
population
at start
population
at end
1) describe how the l. lactis population changed over this time period. use the theory of
natural selection to construct a possible explanation for this change.
1)) the percentage of bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation
in the
population. this suggests that bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation were
likely to survive and reproduce than bacteria with polysaccharide - specific fermentation.
this may have occurred because there were
polysaccharides than lactose
sugars after the populations environment changed. so bacteria with polysaccharide-
specific fermentation had
sugar they could break down than bacteria with
lactose - specific fermentation.

Question

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1. First blank: From the bar graph, at start, the purple (lactose - specific) is high, blue (polysaccharide - specific) is low; at end, purple is low, blue is high. Wait, no—wait, the question is about "bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation" percentage. Wait, maybe I misread. Wait, the first part: "The percentage of bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation... in the population." Looking at the graph: Population at start: purple (maybe lactose - specific) is ~50%, blue (polysaccharide - specific) is ~25%. Population at end: purple is ~20%, blue is ~50%. So the percentage of lactose - specific (purple) decreased? No, wait, maybe the colors are reversed. Wait, the label is "fermentation" (maybe lactose - specific is one, polysaccharide is the other). Wait, the first blank: the percentage of bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation **increased**? No, wait the graph: at start, the first group (population at start) has a tall purple bar (lactose - specific) and shorter blue (polysaccharide - specific). At end (population at end), purple is shorter, blue is taller. Wait, no—maybe the first blank is "increased"? No, that doesn't fit. Wait, maybe the first blank is "decreased"? No, the second part says "this suggests that bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation were likely to survive and reproduce". Wait, no—if the percentage of lactose - specific increased, that would mean they survived. But the graph shows that at end, the blue (polysaccharide - specific) is higher. Wait, maybe I got the labels wrong. Let's re - analyze:

The first question is about describing the population change. Then the fill - in - blanks:

1. The percentage of bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation **increased**? No, the graph: population at start: lactose - specific (say purple) is ~50%, polysaccharide (blue) ~25%. Population at end: lactose ~20%, polysaccharide ~50%. Wait, that would mean lactose - specific decreased. But the second blank says "were likely to survive and reproduce than bacteria with polysaccharide - specific". So if lactose - specific survived better, their percentage should increase. So maybe the graph's colors are reversed. Let's assume that the purple is polysaccharide - specific and blue is lactose - specific. Then at start, purple (polysaccharide) is ~25%, blue (lactose) ~50%. At end, purple ~50%, blue ~20%. Then the percentage of lactose - specific (blue) decreased. But that contradicts the survival. Wait, no—maybe the first blank is "increased"—no, this is confusing. Wait, let's think about natural selection: organisms with favorable traits survive. So if lactose - specific bacteria survived better, their percentage should increase. So maybe the graph's initial and final are misread. Let's proceed with the fill - in - blanks:

First blank: "increased" (if lactose - specific survived better, their percentage goes up). Second blank: "more" (more likely to survive and reproduce). Third blank: "fewer" (there were fewer polysaccharides than lactose, so bacteria that use lactose (lactose - specific) have more sugar). Wait, no—if there were fewer polysaccharides, then polysaccharide - specific bacteria would have less sugar. So third blank: "fewer" (there were fewer polysaccharides than lactose). Fourth blank: "less" (polysaccharide - specific had less sugar to break down than lactose - specific). Wait, let's structure:

1. The percentage of bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation **increased** (so they became more in the population).

2. This suggests that bacteria with lactose - specific fermentation were **more** likely to survive and reproduce than polysaccharide - specific.

3. This may have occurred because there were **fewer** polysaccharides than lactose sugars (so lactose was more available).

4. So bacteria with polysaccharide - specific fermentation had **less** sugar they could break down than lactose - specific (since there were fewer polysaccharides, they had less to use).

Wait, but the graph: if lactose - specific increased, then at start, their percentage was lower, at end higher. So first blank: "increased". Second blank: "more". Third blank: "fewer". Fourth blank: "less".

But let's check again. The key is natural selection: organisms with traits that help them survive (using available resources) will reproduce more. So if the environment has more lactose than polysaccharides, then lactose - specific bacteria (that can use lactose) will survive better. So:

- The percentage of lactose - specific bacteria **increased** (first blank).

- They were **more** likely to survive (second blank).

- There were **fewer** polysaccharides than lactose (third blank: so lactose is more abundant).

- Polysaccharide - specific bacteria had **less** sugar (since polysaccharides are fewer) than lactose - specific.

So the fill - in - blanks:

1. increased

2. more

3. fewer

4. less

But let's confirm with the graph. If at start, lactose - specific is 50%, polysaccharide 25%. At end, lactose - specific is 20%, polysaccharide 50%—that would mean lactose - specific decreased, which contradicts. So maybe the graph's labels are reversed: the first bar (population at start) has lactose - specific as 25% and polysaccharide as 50%, and at end, lactose - specific as 50% and polysaccharide as 25%. Then lactose - specific increased. So that makes sense. So the first blank: increased. Second: more. Third: fewer (polysaccharides than lactose). Fourth: less (polysaccharide - specific had less sugar than lactose - specific).

# Answer:
1. increased
2. more
3. fewer
4. less

(Note: The exact answers depend on the correct interpretation of the graph's color - to - trait mapping, but the above follows the natural selection logic where favorable traits (lactose - specific, if lactose is more abundant) lead to increased population percentage, better survival, fewer competing resources (polysaccharides), and less sugar for the non - favorable trait (polysaccharide - specific) bacteria.)

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