Question

fact | misconception

according to the theory, individual organisms can evolve during their lifespan.

the theory says that natural selection gives organisms everything they need to live.

the theory explains the origin of life.

the theory proposes that while natural selection acts on individuals, only populations evolve.

the theory says that organisms that are better adapted to their environments will have higher survival and reproduction rates.

the theory suggests that the organisms in a population that are the most well adapted are those that are the largest.

Explanation:

Analizar los enunciados sobre la evolución

Using the Concept of Evolution and Natural Selection Mechanisms knowledge points

• Enunciado 1: "According to the theory, individual organisms can evolve during their lifespan."
• Análisis: La evolución actúa sobre las poblaciones a lo largo de generaciones, no sobre individuos durante su vida. Es una Idea errónea (Misconception).
• Enunciado 2: "The theory says that natural selection gives organisms everything they need to live."
• Análisis: La selección natural no tiene intencionalidad ni otorga de forma activa lo que un organismo "necesita"; simplemente filtra las variaciones existentes. Es una Idea errónea (Misconception).
• Enunciado 3: "The theory explains the origin of life."
• Análisis: La teoría de la evolución explica cómo cambia y se diversifica la vida una vez que ya existe, no cómo se originó la primera forma de vida. Es una Idea errónea (Misconception).
• Enunciado 4: "The theory proposes that while natural selection acts on individuals, only populations evolve."
• Análisis: La selección natural actúa sobre el fenotipo de los individuos, pero el cambio genético resultante se mide en la población a lo largo del tiempo. Es un Hecho (Fact).
• Enunciado 5: "The theory says that organisms that are better adapted to their environments will have higher survival and reproduction rates."
• Análisis: Este es el principio fundamental de la adecuación biológica (fitness) en la selección natural. Es un Hecho (Fact).
• Enunciado 6: "The theory suggests that the organisms in a population that are the most well adapted are those that are the largest."
• Análisis: El tamaño no siempre equivale a una mejor adaptación; a veces los organismos más pequeños o con otras características tienen mayor éxito reproductivo según el entorno. Es una Idea errónea (Misconception).

Answer:

Fact (Hecho)	Misconception (Idea errónea)
"The theory says that organisms that are better adapted to their environments will have higher survival and reproduction rates."	"The theory says that natural selection gives organisms everything they need to live."
	"The theory explains the origin of life."
	"The theory suggests that the organisms in a population that are the most well adapted are those that are the largest."