Question

1. eukaryotic genomes consist of:

a) circular dna
b) one chromosome
c) several linear chromosomes
d) only rna

1. human body cells contain how many chromo

a) 23
b) 46
c) 92
d) 8

1. somatic cells are described as:

a) haploid
b) diploid
c) polyploid
d) triploid

1. gametes contain:

a) two sets of chromosomes
b) no chromosomes
c) one set of chromosomes
d) 46 chromosomes

1. homologous chromosomes are:

a) identical
b) different lengths
c) matched pairs with the same genes
d) rna molecules

1. a gene is:

a) a bundle of proteins
b) a functional unit of chromosomes
c) a type of rna
d) only in prokaryotes

Explanation:

• Question 8: Eukaryotic genomes consist of several linear chromosomes. Prokaryotes have circular DNA, eukaryotes have more than one chromosome, and genomes are made of DNA (not just RNA).
• Question 9: Human body (somatic) cells are diploid and contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
• Question 10: Somatic cells are diploid (two sets of chromosomes). Haploid cells have one set (like gametes), polyploid has more than two, triploid has three.
• Question 11: Gametes (sex cells) are haploid and contain one set of chromosomes. Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (diploid).
• Question 12: Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs (one from each parent) with the same genes (but may have different alleles). They are not identical (unless in a clone), same length (as they are homologs), and are DNA - based (not RNA).
• Question 13: A gene is a functional unit of chromosomes (a segment of DNA that codes for a trait). It is not a bundle of proteins, not just RNA, and exists in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer:

1. C. Several linear chromosomes
2. B. 46
3. B. Diploid
4. C. One set of chromosomes
5. C. Matched pairs with the same genes
6. B. A functional unit of chromosomes