Question

cow gametes have 30 chromosomes. which process will most likely result in a cow gamete containing 31 chromosomes?
a fertilization
b crossing - over
c nondisjunction
d protein synthesis

Explanation:

• Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. In the context of gamete formation (meiosis), if nondisjunction occurs, it can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting gametes.
• Fertilization is the process of a sperm and an egg fusing, and it doesn't directly cause an abnormal chromosome number in a single gamete.
• Crossing - over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which is related to genetic recombination, not an abnormal chromosome count in a gamete.
• Protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins from mRNA, and it has no direct relation to the chromosome number in gametes.

Answer:

C. nondisjunction