Question

consulate reforms (1799 - 1804) under napoleon
... another deep demand of the french people, deeper than the demand for the vote, was for more reason, order, and economy in public finance and taxation. the consulate gave these also. there were no tax exemptions because of birth, status, or special arrangement. everyone was supposed to pay, so that no disgrace attached to payment, and there was less evasion. in principle these changes had been introduced in 1789; after 1799 they began to work. for the first time in 10 years the government really collected the taxes that it levied and so could rationally plan its financial affairs. order was introduced also into expenditure, and accounting methods were improved. there was no longer a haphazard assortment of different funds on which various officials drew independently and confidentially as they needed money, but a concentration of financial management in the treasury and even in a kind of budget. the revolutionary uncertainties over the value of money were also ended. because the directory had shouldered the odium shame of repudiating abandoning the paper money and government debt, the consulate was able to establish a sound currency and public credit. to assist in government financing, one of the banks of the old regime was revived and established as the bank of france....
source: r. r. palmer et al., a history of the modern world, mcgraw hill, 2002 (adapted)

1. base on this document, explain r. r. palmers et al., point of view on the change made under napoleon in order to fix the economy of france.

your answer

Explanation:

The document shows that Palmer et al. view Napoleon's Consulate reforms as positive for France's economy. Tax reforms ended exemptions, reduced evasion, and allowed rational financial planning. Expenditure and accounting improvements brought order. The end of revolutionary money uncertainties and the revival of the Bank of France helped establish sound currency and credit.

Answer:

Palmer et al. see Napoleon's economic changes (tax, expenditure, accounting reforms; currency/credit stabilization; Bank of France revival) as effective in bringing reason, order, and economy to France's public finance and taxation, addressing a deep - seated French demand.