Question

cell parts chart
cell parts\tfunction (1 pt each)
these cell parts are found in both plants and animal cells
plasma/cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum (er)
golgi apparatus (body)
ribosomes

Explanation:

• Plasma/Cell Membrane: This structure acts as a selective barrier. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, which is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment. For example, it allows nutrients to enter while keeping harmful substances out.
• Cytoplasm: It is a gel - like substance within the cell. All the organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm. It provides a medium for various cellular processes to occur and physically supports the organelles, keeping them in place.
• Nucleus: The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA). It controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression. It is like the "control center" of the cell, dictating what proteins are made (through the process of transcription and translation) and when various cellular functions should occur.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): There are two types - rough ER (with ribosomes attached) and smooth ER. The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis (as the ribosomes on its surface make proteins) and also in protein folding and modification. The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification (in liver cells, for example), and calcium storage.
• Golgi Apparatus (Body): It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the ER. It acts like a "post - office" within the cell. Proteins from the ER are further processed (e.g., adding sugar groups in glycosylation) in the Golgi, and then they are packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destinations (either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell).
• Ribosomes: These are the sites of protein synthesis. They read the mRNA (messenger RNA) sequence and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains (proteins) according to the genetic code. They can be free - floating in the cytoplasm (synthesizing proteins for use within the cell) or attached to the rough ER (synthesizing proteins for secretion or for use in the cell membrane).

Answer:

• Plasma/Cell Membrane: It regulates what enters and leaves a cell.
• Cytoplasm: Holds and supports organelles.
• Nucleus: Controls cell activities (by regulating gene expression).
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis (rough ER - protein synthesis; smooth ER - lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage).
• Golgi Apparatus (Body): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
• Ribosomes: The site of protein synthesis.