Question

base your answers to questions 4 - 6 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
*...give venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the
people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national
happiness. no matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the constitution, and will
therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will
cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. if he attempts to infringe upon the
law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the republic, and they will
even bring charges against him in the senate. the ministers, being responsible for any
transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their own
actions...*
-simón bolívar, 1819

1. the ideas expressed by simón bolívar in this

passage most closely parallel the ideas of which of
the following people?
a. thomas hobbes
b. baron de montesquieu
c. napoleon bonaparte
d. karl marx

1. simón bolívars point of view in this passage most

clearly shows the influence of which of the
following?
a. the industrial revolution
b. british imperialism in india
c. the protestant reformation
d. enlightenment and american revolution

1. based on this passage, simón bolívar

would most likely agree with which of the
following statements?
a. workers should control the means
of production
b. italy should be united under a
single government
c. japan must industrialize in order to
compete with the powers of
europe
d. the nations of latin america
should be independent and free
from colonial rule

Explanation:

Question 4

Montesquieu emphasized separation of powers and checks - and - balances. In the passage, Bolívar describes a system where the president (executive) is checked by ministers who can desert him if he acts against the law and by the Senate (legislative - like body as ministers can be charged in the Senate). This is similar to Montesquieu's ideas of a system of government with multiple branches and checks.

The Enlightenment emphasized reason, natural rights, and systems of government based on principles of liberty and checks - and - balances. The American Revolution was also based on ideas of self - government and a written constitution (like the one Bolívar refers to). Bolívar's ideas of a president chosen by the people, a constitution, and a system of checks (ministers and Senate) are influenced by Enlightenment and American Revolution ideas.

Bolívar was a key figure in the Latin American independence movements. The passage is about creating a proper government structure for Venezuela (a Latin American country). His focus on a national (Venezuelan, but by extension Latin American) government with certain rights and checks implies a desire for Latin American nations to be independent (from colonial rule, as they were under Spanish rule at the time) and have their own self - governing systems.

Answer:

B. Baron de Montesquieu

Question 5