Question

base your answer to questions 18 - 20 on the passage and on your knowledge of social studies.
article i
there shall henceforth be peace and friendship between... (england and china) and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
article ii
his majesty the emperor of china agrees that british subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their commercial pursuits, without molestation or restraint at the cities and towns of canton, amoy, foochow - fu, ningpo, and shanghai,...
article iii
it being obviously necessary and desirable, that british subjects should have some port whereat they may careen and refit their ships, when required, and keep stores for that purpose, his majesty the emperor of china cedes gives to her majesty the queen of great britain, etc., the island of hong - kong, to be possessed in perpetuity by her britannic majesty, her heirs and successors, and to be governed by such laws and regulations as her majesty the queen of great britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
source: excerpt from the treaty of nanjing following the first opium war, 1842

1. “article ii” of the treaty of nanjing effectively led to the end of
2. the industrial revolution
3. the canton system
4. the civil service exam
5. the meiji restoration
6. which of the following best explains why the british were able to achieve victory over the chinese military in this time period?
7. enlightenment ideas
8. the qing had lost the mandate of heaven
9. industrial technology
10. immunity to diseases
11. which of the following was the most direct outcome of the treaty of nanjing in china?
12. a ban on the opium trade
13. the adoption of a democratic government
14. a policy of strict isolation
15. the establishment of foreign spheres of influence

Explanation:

18.

The Canton System restricted foreign trade to Canton (Guangzhou). Article II of the Treaty of Nanjing opened multiple ports (Canton, Amoy, Foochow - fu, Ningpo, and Shanghai) for British residence and trade, thus ending the Canton System.

During this period, Britain had advanced industrial technology (steam - powered ships, better firearms etc.) through the Industrial Revolution. China, in contrast, had more traditional military technology. This technological gap was a major factor in Britain's victory.

The Treaty of Nanjing forced China to open ports and cede Hong - Kong. It was one of the early steps in the establishment of foreign spheres of influence in China. The opium trade was not banned (it was actually made more accessible in some ways after the war), China did not adopt a democratic government, and the policy of strict isolation was already being broken before the treaty (but the treaty accelerated the opening).

Answer:

1. the Canton System

19.