Question

answer the following questions on cellular energy.

1. adp contains which of these sugars?

a adenine
b ribose
c glucose
d guanine

1. atp releases energy when a bond is broken between --

a two phosphate groups.
b adenine and ribose.
c adenine and a phosphate group.
d ribose and a phosphate group.

1. energy is stored when --

a the third phosphate group breaks off from an adp molecule.
b cells break down sucrose to glucose and fructose.
c a third phosphate group is bonded to an adp molecule to form atp.
d minerals are released into the bloodstream.

1. which of the following is not a part of adenosine diphosphate?

a three phosphate groups
b two phosphate groups
c ribose
d adenine

1. the three parts of an atp molecule are --

a adenine, chlorophyll, stroma.
b adenine, grana, chlorophyll.
c adenine, ribose, phosphate.
d nadh, nadph, and adenine.

1. which of the following is not true?

a atp consists of adenine, ribose, and phosphate.
b when atp releases energy, adp is formed.
c atp provides energy for cells to function.
d used atp is discarded by the cell as waste.

1. which of these is not part of cellular respiration?

a photosynthesis
b electron transport
c krebs cycle
d glycolysis

1. the correct order of cellular respiration is --

a glycolysis → fermentation → krebs cycle.
b fermentation → electron transport → glycolysis.
c glycolysis → krebs cycle → electron transport.
d krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport.

Explanation:

1. ADP (adenosine diphosphate) contains ribose. Adenine is a nitrogen - containing base, glucose is a hexose sugar not in ADP, and guanine is another nitrogen - containing base not in ADP.
2. ATP releases energy when a bond between two phosphate groups is broken. The bond between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP is a high - energy bond.
3. Energy is stored when a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to form ATP. Breaking off a phosphate group (as in option A) releases energy, breaking down sucrose (option B) is a catabolic process for energy release, and mineral release (option D) is not related to ATP energy storage.
4. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has two phosphate groups. So three phosphate groups (option A) is not part of ADP. Ribose and adenine are part of the adenosine moiety in ADP.
5. An ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule consists of adenine (a nitrogen - containing base), ribose (a pentose sugar), and phosphate groups. Chlorophyll is involved in photosynthesis (not in ATP), grana and stroma are parts of chloroplasts. NADH and NADPH are other co - enzymes.
6. Used ATP is not discarded as waste. It is converted back to ADP and phosphate, which can be re - phosphorylated to form ATP again. ATP is made of adenine, ribose, and phosphate (A is true), when ATP releases energy, ADP is formed (B is true), and ATP provides energy for cell functions (C is true).
7. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy (sugar), while cellular respiration is the process of breaking down sugar (usually glucose) to release energy. Electron transport, Krebs cycle, and glycolysis are all part of cellular respiration.
8. The correct order of cellular respiration is glycolysis (first step, breaks glucose into pyruvate), then the Krebs cycle (oxidizes pyruvate derivatives), and then electron transport (generates a large amount of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation). Fermentation is an alternative pathway when oxygen is not available and is not part of the normal aerobic cellular respiration order.

Answer:

1. B. ribose
2. A. two phosphate groups
3. C. a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to form ATP
4. A. three phosphate groups
5. C. adenine, ribose, phosphate
6. D. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste
7. A. photosynthesis
8. C. glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport