4. according to the model or reading, what happens to an enzyme’s active site when the temperature becomes too high?

5. enzymes are substrate specific. based on the model shown, explain why an amylase would not be able to break down lactose. mention the active site in your answer.

6. in the model of an enzyme reaction, identify what happens to the substrate during the reaction and what happens to the enzyme afterward.

7. write a short caption (2–3 sentences) that summarizes how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. include at least one piece of evidence from the model and explain why the evidence supports your claim.

Question

4. according to the model or reading, what happens to an enzyme’s active site when the temperature becomes too high?

5. enzymes are substrate specific. based on the model shown, explain why an amylase would not be able to break down lactose. mention the active site in your answer.

6. in the model of an enzyme reaction, identify what happens to the substrate during the reaction and what happens to the enzyme afterward.

7. write a short caption (2–3 sentences) that summarizes how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. include at least one piece of evidence from the model and explain why the evidence supports your claim.

Accepted Answer

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes have a specific 3D structure including the active site. When temperature is too high (above the enzyme's optimal temp), the enzyme undergoes denaturation. Denaturation involves the breaking of weak bonds (like hydrogen bonds) in the protein structure of the enzyme. This causes the active site to lose its specific three - dimensional shape, including the precise conformation that allows it to bind to the substrate. So the active site's structure is disrupted, and it loses its specificity to the substrate.
# Answer:
When the temperature becomes too high, the enzyme undergoes denaturation. The weak bonds in the enzyme's protein structure break, causing the active site to lose its specific three - dimensional shape. This means the active site can no longer bind to the substrate in the correct way (loses its substrate - specific conformation).

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes are substrate - specific because of the shape of their active site. Amylase is an enzyme with an active site that is specifically shaped to bind to starch (its substrate). Lactose has a different molecular structure and shape compared to starch. The active site of amylase does not have a complementary shape to lactose. So, lactose cannot fit into the active site of amylase, and thus amylase cannot catalyze the breakdown of lactose.
# Answer:
Enzymes are substrate - specific due to their active site's shape. Amylase's active site is shaped to bind to starch (its substrate). Lactose has a different structure and shape than starch, so it does not fit into amylase's active site. Since the substrate (lactose) cannot bind to the active site, amylase cannot break down lactose.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
In an enzyme - catalyzed reaction, the substrate binds to the enzyme's active site. The enzyme then catalyzes the chemical reaction, which converts the substrate into product(s). After the reaction, the enzyme is not consumed or permanently changed. The products are released from the active site, and the enzyme is free to bind to another substrate molecule and catalyze another reaction.
# Answer:
During the enzyme reaction, the substrate binds to the enzyme's active site and is converted into product(s) by the enzyme's catalytic action. After the reaction, the enzyme is not changed (remains chemically unchanged) and is released from the product(s), ready to bind to another substrate molecule.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. The model likely shows the substrate binding to the enzyme's active site (the induced - fit or lock - and - key model). For example, in the lock - and - key model, the enzyme's active site has a specific shape that is complementary to the substrate. This binding brings the substrate molecules close together in the correct orientation, which lowers the activation energy. Evidence from the model (e.g., the specific binding of substrate to active site) supports this because it shows that the enzyme provides a favorable environment for the reaction to happen more easily, thus speeding up the reaction. A caption could be: "Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. The enzyme's active site (seen in the model) binds to the substrate, bringing it into the correct orientation. This lowers the energy needed for the reaction, as shown by the substrate - enzyme complex formation, which supports the claim that enzymes facilitate faster reactions."
# Answer:
Caption: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. The enzyme’s active site (as shown in the model) binds to the substrate, orienting it correctly. This lowers the energy needed for the reaction (activation energy), as the substrate - enzyme complex formation (from the model) shows the enzyme facilitating the reaction, supporting the claim that enzymes speed up reactions.

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