Question

1. which scenario best illustrates the bottleneck effect?

a. a few members of a population migrate to a new island and start a new population
b. a natural disaster drastically reduces the size of a population, leaving only a few survivors
c. individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more than others
d. random mating leads to more genetic diversity

1. which scenario best illustrates the founder effect?

a. a population is reduced by a hurricane, leaving only a few survivors
b. a small group of individuals leaves a population to start a new colony, carrying only some of the original populations alleles
c. organisms with helpful adaptations survive longer
d. mutations occur randomly in a population

1. what is the main difference between the bottleneck effect and the founder effect?

a. bottleneck occurs due to natural disasters; founder effect occurs when a small group starts a new population
b. bottleneck increases genetic diversity; founder effect decreases it
c. bottleneck only affects animals; founder effect only affects plants
d. they are the same process

Explanation:

• Pregunta 45: El efecto de cuello de botella ocurre cuando una catástrofe natural reduce drásticamente el tamaño de una población, lo que significa que solo una pequeña muestra aleatoria de la población original sobrevive. Esto se corresponde con la opción B.
• Pregunta 46: El efecto fundador ocurre cuando un grupo pequeño de individuos se separa de una población más grande para establecer una nueva colonia. Este grupo portará solo un subconjunto de los alelos de la población original. Esto se corresponde con la opción B.
• Pregunta 47: La principal diferencia entre el efecto de cuello de botella y el efecto fundador es que el primero se debe a desastres naturales (o eventos que reducen drásticamente la población), mientras que el segundo se debe a la migración de un grupo pequeño que establece una nueva población. Esto se corresponde con la opción A.

Answer:

1. B. A natural disaster drastically reduces the size of a population, leaving only a few survivors
2. B. A small group of individuals leaves a population to start a new colony, carrying only some of the original population’s alleles
3. A. Bottleneck occurs due to natural disasters; founder effect occurs when a small group starts a new population