37 what gas is used by autotrophs & what gas is produced?
38 what starts the light reactions of plants and in what organelle do they occur?
39 flattened sacs in chloroplasts are known as ______ and are
40 ______ to each other.
41 thylakoid sacs in chloroplasts are called ______.
42 what gel - like solution surrounds the thylakoids inside the chloroplast?
43 what is the visible spectrum?
44 name the 7 colors that make up the visible spectrum.
45 what are pigments & what is their function in plants?
46 is red light reflected or absorbed by an object if the object appears red to your eyes?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 37
# Brief Explanations:
Autotrophs (like plants) perform photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, they use carbon dioxide ($\ce{CO_2}$) and produce oxygen ($\ce{O_2}$). The process of photosynthesis takes in $\ce{CO_2}$ and water to make glucose and release $\ce{O_2}$.
# Answer:
Used: Carbon Dioxide ($\ce{CO_2}$); Produced: Oxygen ($\ce{O_2}$)

### Question 38
# Brief Explanations:
The light reactions of photosynthesis start with light energy (photons) hitting chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast organelle. Light energy is absorbed by pigments (like chlorophyll) to start the light - dependent reactions.
# Answer:
Starts with: Light energy (photons); Organelle: Chloroplast (specifically thylakoid membranes)

### Question 39
# Brief Explanations:
The flattened sacs in chloroplasts are known as thylakoids. These thylakoids are the sites of the light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
# Answer:
Thylakoids

### Question 40
# Brief Explanations:
Thylakoids in chloroplasts are connected (or stacked) to each other. The stacks of thylakoids are called grana, and the thylakoids are interconnected, either within a granum or between grana via stroma lamellae. So they are connected (or stacked) to each other.
# Answer:
Connected (or stacked)

### Question 41
# Brief Explanations:
Thylakoid sacs in chloroplasts are called thylakoids (individual sacs) or when stacked, a granum (plural grana). But the question refers to the sacs themselves, so the answer is thylakoids.
# Answer:
Thylakoids

### Question 42
# Brief Explanations:
The gel - like solution that surrounds the thylakoids inside the chloroplast is called the stroma. The stroma is the fluid - filled space where the light - independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occur.
# Answer:
Stroma

### Question 43
# Brief Explanations:
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. It ranges in wavelength approximately from 400 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red). It consists of the wavelengths of light that can be detected by the human eye and includes the colors we can see.
# Answer:
The visible spectrum is the range of electromagnetic radiation (light) with wavelengths from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red) that is visible to the human eye.

### Question 44
# Brief Explanations:
The seven colors that make up the visible spectrum (in order of increasing wavelength) are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (ROYGBIV). These are the colors that are seen when white light is dispersed, like in a rainbow.
# Answer:
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (ROYGBIV)

### Question 45
# Brief Explanations:
Pigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of light. In plants, the main pigment is chlorophyll, but there are also accessory pigments like carotenoids. Their function is to absorb light energy (photons) of specific wavelengths and transfer this energy to the reaction - center chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis. They also give plants their characteristic colors (like green from chlorophyll, yellow - orange from carotenoids).
# Answer:
Pigments: Molecules that absorb specific light wavelengths. Function: Absorb light energy for photosynthesis (and give plants color).

### Question 46
# Brief Explanations:
If an object appears red to our eyes, it means that red light is reflected by the object. Objects appear a certain color because they reflect that wavelength of light and absorb other wavelengths. For example, a red apple reflects red light and absorbs other colors (like blue, green, etc.) from the white light that hits it.
# Answer:
Reflected

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