Question

1. animals and green plants are similar in that they

(a) both carry out heterotrophic nutrition
(b) all produce offspring by asexual reproduction
(c) both use dna to transmit hereditary information to offspring
(d) all require oxygen to carry out photosynthesis

1. the diagram below represents a cell in the human body.

which statement concerning the structures within this cell is accurate?
(a) structure 1 is a chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis.
(b) structure 2 is a vacuole that contains dna.
(c) structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place.
(d) structure 4 is the cell membrane, which provides rigid support for the cell.

Explanation:

Question 30

• Option (a): Green plants carry out autotrophic nutrition (produce their own food via photosynthesis), while animals are heterotrophic. So this is incorrect.
• Option (b): Both animals and green plants can reproduce sexually (animals have sexual reproduction as a common mode, and plants can also reproduce sexually). Asexual reproduction is not the only or common mode for all of them. So this is incorrect.
• Option (c): All living organisms (including animals and green - plants) use DNA to transmit hereditary information to their offspring. This is a fundamental characteristic of life.
• Option (d): Green plants carry out photosynthesis which requires carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) as a reactant (along with water and light), and they release oxygen. Animals do not carry out photosynthesis. So this is incorrect.

• Option (a): Chloroplasts are found in plant cells, not in human (animal) cells. Structure 1 is more likely to be the endoplasmic reticulum. So this is incorrect.
• Option (b): Structure 2 is the nucleus (not a vacuole) which contains DNA. Vacuoles in animal cells are usually small and not the main site of DNA storage. So this is incorrect.
• Option (c): Structure 3 is a mitochondrion. Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration (where ATP is produced from the breakdown of organic molecules).
• Option (d): The cell membrane in animal cells (structure 4) is a flexible barrier (not rigid). Rigid support is provided by cell walls in plant cells (which animal cells lack). So this is incorrect.

Answer:

C. both use DNA to transmit hereditary information to offspring

Question 31