Question

1. the right lung has____lobes; the left lung has__lobes. a) three; three b) two; two c) two; three d) three; two 29) where are the paired kidneys located? a) on either side of the urinary bladder b) in front of the stomach c) behind the parietal peritoneum d) against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity 30) what are the organs of the urinary system? a) the glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct. b) the renal cortex, renal pelvis, and renal medulla. c) the major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, and renal sinus. d) the paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra. 31) what vascular structure is located between the afferent and efferent arterioles? a) peritubular capillaries b) glomerulus c) cortical radiate artery d) vasa recta 32) an increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively transporting water into the blood. true false 33) glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition. true false 34) how does angiotensin ii raise systemic blood pressure? a) by systemic vasodilation b) by increasing sodium excretion c) by increasing water retention d) by inhibiting the release of adh 35) the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes what reaction? a) water reaction with bicarbonate ions b) carbon dioxide reaction with bicarbonate ions c) water reaction with hydrogen ions d) carbon dioxide reaction with water 36) once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate then moves into the____. a) renal pelvis b) minor calyx c) ureter d) renal tubule

Explanation:

• Question 28: The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, inferior), and the left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior) due to the space occupied by the heart.
• Question 29: Kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, located behind the parietal peritoneum.
• Question 30: The urinary system organs include paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder, and a urethra.
• Question 31: The glomerulus is a capillary network located between the afferent and efferent arterioles.
• Question 32: Sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption through osmosis, not by actively transporting water.
• Question 33: Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid as it is formed by ultra - filtration and has similar solute composition (except for large proteins).
• Question 34: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and increases water retention (by promoting aldosterone release which in turn affects sodium and water balance) to raise blood pressure.
• Question 35: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction \(CO_{2}+H_{2}O

ightleftharpoons H_{2}CO_{3}
ightleftharpoons H^{+}+HCO_{3}^{-}\), which is the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.

• Question 36: After entering the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule), the filtrate moves into the renal tubule (proximal convoluted tubule first).

Answer:

• 28) D. three; two
• 29) C. Behind the parietal peritoneum
• 30) D. The paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra
• 31) B. Glomerulus
• 32) false
• 33) true
• 34) C. By increasing water retention
• 35) D. Carbon dioxide reaction with water
• 36) D. renal tubule