Question

1. which nutrient class is energy - yielding but also contains nitrogen?

a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. vitamins

1. which carbohydrate is classified as a simple carbohydrate?

a. fiber
b. glucose
c. starch
d. glycogen

1. hdl cholesterol is important because it:

a. delivers cholesterol to cells for use
b. removes cholesterol from the bloodstream
c. raises the risk of heart disease
d. is only found in plant foods

1. which of these is an example of a fat - soluble vitamin?

a. vitamin c
b. vitamin b6
c. vitamin d
d. vitamin b12
part c: short response (5 points each)

1. compare and contrast simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. provide at least one food example of each.
2. why is dietary fiber essential for health, even though it provides no calories?
3. explain the difference between hdl and ldl. why is a balance between the two important for long - term health?

Explanation:

1. Proteins are energy - yielding and contain nitrogen. Carbohydrates and lipids are energy - yielding but no nitrogen, and vitamins are not energy - yielding.
2. Glucose is a simple carbohydrate. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate, starch and glycogen are also complex.
3. HDL cholesterol removes cholesterol from the bloodstream, which is beneficial for heart health.
4. Vitamin D is fat - soluble. Vitamins C, B6 and B12 are water - soluble.
5. Simple carbohydrates are made of one or two sugar units and are quickly digested, like table sugar. Complex carbohydrates are long chains of sugar units, take longer to digest, like whole - wheat bread.
6. Dietary fiber aids in digestion, helps maintain bowel health, can lower cholesterol levels and control blood sugar levels.
7. HDL (good cholesterol) removes cholesterol from the blood to the liver for processing. LDL (bad cholesterol) delivers cholesterol to cells. A balance is important as high LDL can lead to plaque buildup and heart disease, while HDL helps prevent it.

Answer:

1. c. Proteins
2. b. Glucose
3. b. Removes cholesterol from the bloodstream
4. c. Vitamin D
5. Simple carbohydrates are composed of one or two sugar units and are digested quickly, e.g., table sugar. Complex carbohydrates are long - chain polymers of sugar units, digested more slowly, e.g., whole - wheat bread.
6. Dietary fiber aids in digestion, promotes bowel health, can reduce cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar.
7. HDL (high - density lipoprotein) removes cholesterol from the blood to the liver; LDL (low - density lipoprotein) delivers cholesterol to cells. A balance is crucial as high LDL can cause plaque buildup and heart disease, while HDL helps prevent it.