Question

1. a memo is a form of:

downward written communication
upward oral communication
horizontal oral communication
external verbal communication

1. the effectiveness of communication is determined by:

volume of message sent
receivers understanding
use of jargon
speed of transmission

Explanation:

• Question 24: A memo (memorandum) is a written form of communication. It is often used within an organization from a superior to a subordinate (downward). It is not oral (so options with "oral" are wrong) and is internal (so "external" is wrong).
• Question 25: The effectiveness of communication is about whether the receiver gets and understands the message. Volume, jargon (which can hinder understanding if receiver is not familiar), and speed don't determine effectiveness as much as receiver's understanding.

Answer:

1. Downward written communication
2. Receiver's understanding