Question

1. during the _ phase of human population growth, fertility rates begin to fall below replacement levels, leading to population decline. a. preindustrial c. industrial b. transitional d. postindustrial 24) during the _ phase, both birth rates and death rates are high, creating stable population levels. a. preindustrial c. industrial b. transitional d. postindustrial 25) if a population has a majority of younger people, the future population will most likely _. a. stay the same c. decrease b. increase d. fluctuate around carrying capacity 26) the reason bed bug infestations are so hard to get rid of is because _. a. they have high genetic diversity b. they have low genetic diversity c. inbreeding does not affect their ability to produce healthy offspring d. they reproduce rapidly 27) the endangered species act protects biodiversity by _. a. preserving habitat b. keeping a website listing endangered species c. allowing the trade of endangered species d. all of these 28) using the precautionary principle helps conservationists decide _. a. which conservation method is best for a certain species b. which conservation method is best for a certain habitat c. which habitats to restore with political funds d. which habitats to preserve with limited resources 29) _ species are one of the main threats to biodiversity. a. alien c. exotic b. nonnative d. invasive 30) which name correctly identifies the scientific name of the cougar? a. puma concolor c. puma concolor b. puma concolor d. puma concolor

Explanation:

• Question 23: In the post - industrial phase, due to factors like increased access to education (especially for women), better healthcare, and a shift in societal values, fertility rates fall below replacement levels, leading to population decline.
• Question 24: In the pre - industrial phase, high birth rates (due to lack of family planning and need for labor in agriculture) and high death rates (due to poor healthcare, limited food supply, and high incidence of diseases) result in relatively stable population levels.
• Question 25: A population with a majority of younger people is likely to increase because the younger population will reach reproductive age and have children, contributing to population growth.
• Question 26: Bed bugs reproduce rapidly. They have a short life cycle and can lay multiple eggs, which makes it difficult to eliminate infestations before new generations are produced.
• Question 27: The Endangered Species Act protects biodiversity mainly by preserving habitat. Habitat loss is a major threat to many species, and protecting their habitats helps in their survival.
• Question 28: The precautionary principle helps conservationists decide which conservation method is best for a certain species. It emphasizes taking preventive action when there is a risk of harm to the environment or species, even if the scientific evidence is not fully conclusive.
• Question 29: Invasive species are one of the main threats to biodiversity. They can out - compete native species for resources (such as food and habitat), disrupt ecological processes, and cause the decline or extinction of native species.
• Question 30: The scientific name of an organism follows the binomial nomenclature. The genus name is capitalized, and the species name is in lowercase. So, Puma concolor (with the genus capitalized and species in lowercase) is the correct scientific name of the cougar.

Answer:

1. D. postindustrial
2. A. preindustrial
3. B. increase
4. D. they reproduce rapidly
5. A. preserving habitat
6. A. which conservation method is best for a certain species
7. D. Invasive
8. D. Puma concolor