Question

1. what was one major effect of this decision?

it is a denial of the equal protection of the laws to try a defendant of
a particular race or color under an indictment issued by a grand jury
or before a petit jury, from which all persons of his race or color have
... been excluded by the state....

• hernandez v. texas, 1954

it reinforced the 5th amendment protection against self-
incrimination.
it created a procedural manual for members of a jury in a criminal
case.
it extended the protections of the 14th amendment to other racial
minorities.
it prohibited discrimination against minorities in public facilities.
clear all

Explanation:

The 14th Amendment's equal protection clause was at issue. The decision in Hernandez v. Texas (1954) went beyond just Black - White racial dichotomy. It recognized that Mexican - Americans (and by extension other racial minorities) were also entitled to equal protection under the law. This extended the 14th Amendment's protections to non - Black racial minorities.
The 5th Amendment protection against self - incrimination is not relevant to the issue of jury exclusion based on race. The case was not about creating a jury procedural manual. The case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954, same year) is more associated with public facilities desegregation, while Hernandez v. Texas was specifically about jury discrimination and 14th Amendment application to other racial minorities.

Answer:

It extended the protections of the 14th Amendment to other racial minorities.