Question

16th century polish astronomer, mathematician, and scholar
proposed that the sun was the center of the universe
often credited with beginning the scientific revolution
all of these are describing
a copernicus.
b descartes.
c galileo.
d voltaire.

Explanation:

• Nicolaus Copernicus was a 16th - century Polish astronomer, mathematician, and scholar. He proposed the heliocentric model (Sun - centered universe). His work is often seen as a starting point of the Scientific Revolution.
• René Descartes was a 17th - century French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist known for his philosophical works like "Cogito, ergo sum" and contributions to mathematics (Cartesian coordinate system).
• Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, etc. in the 16th - 17th centuries. He made significant contributions to observational astronomy (e.g., using the telescope to observe celestial bodies) but did not propose the Sun - centered universe as the initial concept.
• Voltaire was an 18th - century French writer, philosopher, and advocate of Enlightenment ideas, not known for the described astronomical and scientific revolution - starting work.

Answer:

A. Copernicus