Question

1. people told that a chemical in the air is projected to kill 10 out of every 10 million people feel more frightened than if told the fatality risk is .000001. this best illustrates the importance of

a) functional fixedness.
b) the representativeness heuristic.
c) framing.
d) belief perseverance.
e) confirmation bias.

1. tim, a third - grader, learns the sentence “george eats old gray rats and paints houses yellow” to help him remember the spelling of “geography.” tim is using

a) the serial position effect.
b) the spacing effect.
c) a mnemonic device.
d) the peg - word system.
e) priming.

1. to prevent encoding failure you should

a) engage in effortful processing.
b) stop long - term potentiation.
c) encourage priming.
d) avoid source amnesia.
e) limit parallel processing.

1. the process of getting information out of memory is called

a) encoding.
b) relearning.
c) rehearsal.
d) priming.
e) retrieval.

1. spearmans g factor refers to

a) the genetic contribution to intelligence.
b) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded
c) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.
d) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wi tasks.
e) the internal consistency of an intelligence test.

Explanation:

Question 11

• Option A: Functional fixedness is about seeing only one use for an object, not relevant here.
• Option B: Representativeness heuristic is about judging by similarity, not about how information is presented.
• Option C: Framing refers to how information is presented (e.g., "10 out of 10 million" vs ".000001") affecting perception. This matches the scenario.
• Option D: Belief perseverance is holding onto beliefs despite contrary evidence, not about presentation.
• Option E: Confirmation bias is seeking confirming evidence, not about framing.

• Option A: Serial position effect is about recall based on position in a list, not relevant here.
• Option B: Spacing effect is about spacing out learning, not about memory aids.
• Option C: A mnemonic device is a memory aid (like a sentence) to help remember. Tim uses a sentence to remember "geography", so this fits.
• Option D: Peg - word system uses rhyming words, not the case here.
• Option E: Priming is about prior exposure influencing perception, not about memory aids.

• Option A: Encoding failure occurs when we don't process information deeply. Effortful processing (actively engaging with information) helps prevent encoding failure.
• Option B: Long - term potentiation is related to memory formation in the brain, stopping it would hinder memory, not prevent encoding failure.
• Option C: Priming is about prior exposure influencing perception, not related to preventing encoding failure.
• Option D: Source amnesia is forgetting the source of a memory, not related to encoding failure.
• Option E: Parallel processing is how the brain processes multiple things, limiting it doesn't prevent encoding failure.

Answer:

C) framing.

Question 12