Question

1. base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of earth science. the diagram represents the orbital paths of the four jovian planets and halleys comet around the sun. halleys comet has a revolution period of 76 years. in 1986, halleys comet was at perihelion, its closest point to the sun. letters a, b, c, and d represent locations of halleys comet in its orbit. location d represents halleys comet at aphelion, its farthest point from the sun. the comets tail is shown at perihelion and at locations b and c. compared to the orbit of the jovian planets, the orbit of halleys comet is (1) less elliptical, with a shorter distance between its foci (2) more elliptical, with a shorter distance between its foci (3) more elliptical, with a greater distance between its foci (4) less elliptical, with a greater distance between its foci 11) approximately how long do astronomers believe that the solar system formed? (1) 13.8 billion years ago (2) 2.6 billion years ago (3) 7.8 billion years ago (4) 4.6 billion years ago 12) compared to the terrestrial planets, the jovian planets (1) are less massive (2) have shorter periods of rotation (3) have greater orbital velocities (4) are more dense 13) which two jovian planets are the most similar in equatorial diameter? (1) earth and venus (2) saturn and jupiter (3) mars and mercury (4) uranus and neptune

Explanation:

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The Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) have nearly circular orbits (less elliptical). Halley's comet has a highly elliptical orbit. For an ellipse, the more elliptical it is, the greater the distance between its foci. So Halley's comet's orbit is more elliptical with a greater distance between its foci compared to Jovian planets' orbits.

Astronomers believe the solar system formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago. This is based on radiometric dating of meteorites (which are remnants from the early solar system formation).

• Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are more massive than terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars).
• Jovian planets have shorter rotation periods (e.g., Jupiter rotates in about 10 hours).
• Jovian planets have lower orbital velocities (since orbital velocity \(v=\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}\), and they are farther from the Sun, \(r\) is larger).
• Jovian planets are less dense (made of gases like hydrogen and helium).

Answer:

(3) more elliptical, with a greater distance between its foci

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