Question

(01.03 mc)
what macromolecules are capable of self - replication?
○ a proteins
○ b rna and dna
○ c polysaccharides
○ d fats and triglycerides
question 25 (4 points)
(01.03 mc)
the evolution from vesicles to true cells was enabled by the development of
○ a a membrane separating the cell from its environment
○ b organic molecules, such as carbohydrates and lipids
○ c self - replicating molecules, such as rna and dna
○ d inorganic molecules, such as nitrogen and oxygen

Explanation:

• First question:
• Proteins are made based on genetic information (from DNA and RNA), they do not self - replicate on their own.
• Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) are formed by linking monosaccharides together through glycosidic bonds. They do not have the ability to self - replicate.
• Fats and triglycerides are lipids. They are synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol and do not self - replicate.
• RNA can self - replicate in some viruses (e.g., retroviruses have reverse - transcriptase which can make DNA from RNA and then DNA can replicate). DNA is the classic self - replicating molecule as it undergoes semi - conservative replication.
• Second question:
• Vesicles may have had membranes (a is incorrect as membranes alone don't make them true cells). Organic molecules (b) are present in vesicles. Inorganic molecules (d) are not what enabled the evolution to true cells.
• Self - replicating molecules (such as RNA and DNA) are crucial for the evolution from vesicles to true cells. True cells need to be able to pass on genetic information for growth, reproduction, and maintaining cellular functions, which is possible with self - replicating nucleic acids.

Answer:

1. b. RNA and DNA
2. c. self - replicating molecules, such as RNA and DNA