Question

which p orbital orientation represents the formation of a single covalent bond?
a
b
c
a
b
c
none of the above

Explanation:

A single covalent bond is a sigma ($\sigma$) bond. Sigma bonds are formed by the head - on overlap of atomic orbitals.

• Option A: Shows a p orbital overlapping with another orbital in a non - head - on (side - on) way (which would form a pi ($\pi$) bond if it were a p - p overlap).
• Option B: Shows head - on overlap of p orbitals. This head - on overlap is characteristic of sigma bond formation.
• Option C: Shows a non - bonding (or incorrect for single bond formation) orientation.

Answer:

B