Question

in which of the following situations is the probability calculated empirically? an economist believes that there is a 30% chance the united states will enter a recession next year. a study done by a toy company reveals that 75 out of 100 toddlers prefer a teddy bear over an action figure, so the estimated probability of a random toddler choosing a teddy bear over an action figure is 75%. if 30 of the 50 state governors are republican, then the probability that a state has a republican governor is 60%. in a city with 50,000 people, 5000 are unemployed, so the probability of a random person in this city being unemployed is 10%. of the last 100 patients a psychologist worked with, 67 came for help with depression, so it is estimated that the probability of the next patient having depression is 67%.

Explanation:

Empirical probability is calculated based on actual observations or experiments. In the first situation, it's an economist's belief (not based on data collection). In the other four situations (toddlers' preference study, state governors' data, city unemployment data, psychologist's patient data), probabilities are calculated from actual data (observations).

Answer:

A study done by a toy company reveals that 75 out of 100 toddlers prefer a teddy bear over an action figure, so the estimated probability of a random toddler choosing a teddy bear over an action figure is 75%. If 30 of the 50 state governors are Republican, then the probability that a state has a Republican governor is 60%. In a city with 50,000 people, 5000 are unemployed, so the probability of a random person in this city being unemployed is 10%. Of the last 100 patients a psychologist worked with, 67 came for help with depression, so it is estimated that the probability of the next patient having depression is 67%.