Question

which of the following could explain a discrepancy between theoretical and empirical probability?
a. bias in the experiment
b. all of the above
c. random chance
d. small sample size

Explanation:

• Bias in the experiment: Can skew empirical results away from theoretical probability.
• Random chance: In real - world experiments, outcomes can deviate from theoretical due to chance.
• Small sample size: May not accurately represent the theoretical probability as larger samples tend to converge more closely.

Since all of these factors (bias, random chance, small sample size) can cause a discrepancy between theoretical and empirical probability.

Answer:

B. All of the above